This study investigates the impact of smoking status on the systemic and local superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in subjects with chronic periodontitis (CP). Within the limitation of the study, we conclude that both periodontitis and smoking lead to significant changes in MDA production and AO enzyme activity in blood and gingival tissues. The combination of smoking and periodontitis resulted in significant increases in MDA levels and alterations in SOD, GSHPx, and CAT activities in periodontium. Quitting smoking can reverse the negative effects of smoking on the AO balance of the periodontium. Smoking cessation programs should be a standard component of periodontal therapy. Further longitudinal and crosssectional studies are needed for the determination of when the decrease in the oxidative stress begins after smoking cessation and to clarify the role of smoking on the oxidative and AO status in healthy periodontal tissues.
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